Intervenciones de actividad física y educación nutricional para combatir la obesidad infantil en la escuela: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Intervenciones de actividad física y educación nutricional para combatir la obesidad infantil en la escuela: una revisión sistemática Introducción: La prevalencia mundial de la obesidad infantil ha aumentado significativamente en las últimas tres décadas. En el contexto escolar, el seguimiento del estado de salud de los estudiantes es necesario, pues en esta etapa se incorporan muchos hábitos, que suelen perpetuarse a lo largo de la vida adulta. Objetivo: Identificar propuestas de Intervenciones de Promoción de la Salud en el contexto escolar y analizar su efectividad en el combate a la obesidad infantil. Materiales y métodos: Se buscaron estudios publicados entre enero de 2012 y septiembre de 2017 en las bases de datos Science Direct, Scopus y Med Line (PubMed), utilizando los términos: Educación Física; Promoción de la salud; Intervención Temprana; Salud Escolar. Resultados: De los 851 artículos encontrados, 78 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión previamente definidos. El enfoque de intervención que más se destacó fue el social y conductual. De las intervenciones analizadas, el 68% fueron efectivas, el 28,2% tuvieron limitaciones y el 3,8% aún están en proceso. Discusión: Entre las intervenciones que presentan resultados positivos, los autores destacan la importancia de una propuesta a largo plazo con la participación de los familiares, con el objetivo de perpetuar los efectos. Conclusión: Las intervenciones a largo plazo con la participación de los familiares obtuvieron los resultados más satisfactorios en relación con la salud de los escolares. Sin embargo, para que esta contribución se perpetúe, se necesitan más estudios para proporcionar una base de evidencia sólida y generalizable.
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