Effects of the vegetarian and plant-based diet on dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk in adults

  • Camila Pereira Iervese Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Bem-estar (CiSBEM), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
  • Giovanna Sertic Albuquerque Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Bem-estar (CiSBEM), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
  • Ananda Nereia Couto Legal Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Bem-estar (CiSBEM), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
  • Leila Magda Rodrigues Almeida Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Bem-estar (CiSBEM), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
Keywords: vegetarianism, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Vegetarian and plant-based diets have been studied with the aim of reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To describe the effects of vegetarian and plant-based diets on lipid profile, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors in adult patients. Materials   and   Methods: This is a systematic review, carried out with randomized clinical trials from 2015 to 2020, indexed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Portal BVS and Portal CAPES. Health descriptors and Boolean terms were used for greater sensitivity and specificity. Eligibility criteria included only randomized clinical trials, articles that compared a vegetarian or plant-based diet with the control group and that used at least one cardiovascular risk assessment parameter in the analysis of results. Results and Discussion: Ten articles were included in this systematic review. Significant reductions were demonstrated in the levels of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, Body Mass Index and inflammatory markers in the selected studies, without considerable changes in HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The strict vegetarian diet presented relevant results when compared to conventional treatment or to reference diets in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Conclusion: Vegetarian and plant-based diets showed favorable results in metabolic rates. More studies are needed to carry out the adequate indication in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Author Biographies

Camila Pereira Iervese, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Bem-estar (CiSBEM), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.

Nutricionista; Especialista em Nutrição Clínica e Comportamento Alimentar pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brasil.

Leila Magda Rodrigues Almeida, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Bem-estar (CiSBEM), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.

Nutricionista pela Universidade do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB); Especialista em Nutrição Clínica pela Universidade Cândido Mendes (UCAM); Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos pela Universidade da Bahia (UFBA); Doutorando em Biotecnologia da Saúde pela RENORBIO; Professora na Universidade Salvador.

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Published
2022-11-21
How to Cite
Iervese, C. P., Albuquerque, G. S., Legal, A. N. C., & Almeida, L. M. R. (2022). Effects of the vegetarian and plant-based diet on dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk in adults. Brazilian Journal of Obesity, Nutrition and Weight Loss, 16(103), 646-660. Retrieved from https://www.rbone.com.br/index.php/rbone/article/view/2082
Issue
Vol. 16 No. 103 (2022)
Section
Scientific Articles - Original

Copyright (c) 2022 Camila Pereira Iervese, Giovanna Sertic Albuquerque, Ananda Nereia Couto Legal, Leila Magda Rodrigues Almeida

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