Risk assessment scores for cardiovascular diseases: a literature review
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. Several scores were created to estimate the risk of developing these diseases, these scores take into account the main associated risk factors and assign a score, however entities are not unanimous as to the most appropriate risk stratification model. Objectives: To perform a literature review on the main risk scores for cardiovascular diseases recently recommended by national and international guidelines and consensus. Methods: The review was carried out by a search in the Pubmed/ Medline, SciELO and databases. It was used the descriptors “cardiovascular disease”, “risk assessment” and “practice Guideline”. For national guidelines, the search was carried out through publications from the website of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, published in the last 5 years, in english, portuguese and spanish. Results: 13 national and international guidelines and consensus were included and analyzed, which referenced 15 different risk scores that estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease in 10 years. The scores they can be specific to certain populations, cover different age groups for adults and the elderly, and they take into account different variables, the most common, HDL-c, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: From this review, it is concluded that the choice of the method is based on the characteristics of the population to which it will be applied, such as age and ethnicity, since it was possible to verify the specificities of the different scores. In addition, it is advisable to avoid the use of a single risk score on which to base therapeutic decisions.
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