The role of microbiotes in the etiology of inflammatory intestinal diseases
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory process, with etiology not yet well established, of multifactorial nature, represented mainly by two phenotypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). About pathogenesis, it is believed that direct and indirect homeostasis between microbiota, intestinal epithelium and immune cells is disrupted by genetic and environmental factors such as antibiotic use, smoking, diets and stress, resulting in a poor state. chronic unregulated inflammation. Recent scientific evidence has shown that the human gut microbiota can produce antigenic factors that trigger persistent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa as observed in CD and UC. In the last two decades, with the advent of new "ômicas" technologies, there has been an expansion of possibilities to analyze in large proportion the genetic and metabolic profile of the intestinal microbial population, which is numerically the most representative in the human body. Thus, there was an exponential expansion of the understanding of the composition as well as the functions performed by the gut microbiome, which enabled the discovery of new horizons regarding mechanisms of action triggering the inflammatory processes of many chronic diseases with inflammatory bowel diseases, allowing the formulation and implementation of new therapeutic interventions.
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