Relation of the syndrome of Down with the obesity
Abstract
Objective. The high prevalence of obesity in patients with Down syndrome has been described in several countries. This study has as its main objective to review the scientific literature on Down syndrome and obesity. Review for Literature. Obesity can be defined so as objectively as organic situation of excess fat. Patients with Down syndrome have a rule, the tendency to excess weight in the United States, for example, where data concerning this problem are available, at around nine years of age, a large part of children Down Syndrome this percentage above 95 in weight. In adults with Down syndrome, obesity tends to be a major problem. Studies show that 96% of women and 71% of men have weight above the desejável. Os thyroid disorders has been associated with Down syndrome (DS), 28 to 64% of adults affected. The changes in thyroid bearers of the Down syndrome were reported by many authors. The clinical manifestations can vary from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism, the latter being the most frequent. Conclusion. It should be noted, but that and the possible conversion of obesity in carriers of the syndrome down. The control can be difficult in cases of hypotonia, hypoactivity that may have reduced calorie expenditure. Recalling that the approach of obesity must be made in education of the patient and the family, restriction diet, exercise and possibly drugs.
References
- Almeida, C.A.N.; Baptista, M.E.C.; Almeida, G.A.N.; Ferraz, V.E.F. Obesidade infantil: uma proposta de classificação clinica. Revista de Pediatria. São Paulo. Vol. 26. Num. 4. 2004. (p.257-267).
- Alves, J.G.B. Atividade física em crianças: promovendo a saúde do adulto. Revista Brasileira Saúde Materno Infantil, Recife. Vol. 3. num. 1. 2003. p.(5-6).
- Arnell, H.; e colaboradores. Growth and pubertal development in Down Syndrome. Acta Paediatr, 85:1102-6, 1996.
- Aurélio, S.R.; e colaboradores. Análise comparativa dos padrões de deglutição de crianças com paralisia cerebral e crianças normais. Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol, São Paulo, vol. 68, n. 2, p. 167-173. março./abril. 2002.
- Brooks, D.N.; Wooley, A.; Kanjilal, D.; Hearing loss and middle ear disorders in patients with Down’s syndrome (Mongolism). J Ment Def Res, 16:21, 1972.
- Calvert, S.D.; Vivian, V.M.; Calvert, G.P.; Dietary adequacy, feeding practices, and eating behavior of childrem with Down’s syndrome. J Am Dietetic Assoc, 60:152-6, 1976.
- Carakushansky, G. Síndrome de Down. In: Carakushansky G. Doenças Genéticas em Pediatria. Rio de Janeiro: Quanabara Koogan; 2001
- Colombo, M.L.; e colaboradores. La funzionalita tiroidea in bambini affetti da síndrome di Down. Min Ped, 44(12): 11-6, 1992.
- Chad, K.; Jobling, A.; Frail, H. Metabolic rate: a factor in developing obesith in children with Down syndrome. Am J Mental Retard, 95: 228-35, 1990.
- Chumlea, W.C.; Cronk, C.E. Overweight among children with trisomy 21. J Mental Def Res, 25: 275-9, 1981.
- Clementi, M.; e colaboradores. Neonatal growth patterns in a population of consecutively born Down syndrome children. Am J Med Genet, 7(suppl):71-4, 1990.
- Cronk, C.; e colaboradores. Growth charts for children with Down syndrome: 1 month to 18 years of age. Pediatrics, 81(1):102-10, 1988.
- Dias, Vera M.A.; e colaboradores. Avaliação etiológica da hipertirotropinemia em crianças com síndrome de Down. J. Pediatr. (Rio J.), Fev 2005, vol. 81, no. 1, p. 79-84
- Engel, J. Avaliação em Pediatria, 3 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Reichmann & Affonso, Editores, 2002.
- Escrivão, M.A.M.S.; Lopes, F.A. Prognostico da obesidade na Infância e na Adolescência. In: Fisberg, M. (Ed.). Obesidade infância e adolescência. São Paulo. Fundo editorial BYK, 1995. P. 146-155.
- Fontana, J.D. Jornal Estado Ciência. Obesidade infanto-juvenil e outros desvios. Curitiba, Domingo, 24 jul 2005.
- Fonkalsrud, E.W.; De Lorimier, A.A.; Hayys, D.M. Congenital atresia and stenosis of the duodenum. Pediatrics, 43:79-83, 1969.
- Garrow, J.S. Is it possible to prevent obesity Infusiotherapie, 17(1):2831-35, 1990.
- Kanavin, O.J.; Aaseth, J.; Birketvedt, G.S. Thyroid hypofunction in Down's syndrome: is it related to oxidative stress? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000; 78 (1-3):35-42.
- Luke, A.; e colaboradores. Energy expenditure in children with Down syndrome. Correcting metabolic rate of movemet. J Pediatr, 125(5):829-38, 1994.
- Marques, A.C.; Nahas, M.V. Qualidade de vida de pessoas portadoras da Síndrome de Down, com mais de 40 anos, no Estado de Santa Cararina: Revista Brasileira ciências e Movimento. Brasília. Vol. 11. Num. 2. 2003. (p.55-61).
- Mccoy, E. Endocrine Conditions in Down Syndrome. National Down Syndrome Society, New York, 1992.
- Moreira, L.M.A.; El-Hani, C.N.; Gusmão, F.A síndrome de Down e sua patogênese: considerações sobre o determinismo genético. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2000; 22(2):96-9.
- Mustacchi decisão. 2000. Tese de Doutorado - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
- Oliveira, S.L. Tratado de metodologia científica, 2 ed. São Paulo: Pioneira Thomson Learning, 2002.
- Organização Mundial da Saúde _ Physical status:the use and interpretation of antropometry geneva, WHO, 1995. (tehinical report series n.854).
- Pellestor, F. Differencial distribuition of aneuploydyin human gametes according to their sex. Human reprod, 6:1252-8, 1991.
- Prasher, V.P.; e colaboradores. Peditric disorders among children with Down syndrome and learning disability. Dev med Child Neurol, 37: 131-4, 1995.
- Rimmer, J.H. Health promotion for people with disabilities; the emrging paradigm shift from disability prevention secondary conditions. American Jornal of Health Promotion, 1999; 79(5), 495-502.
- Rogers, P.T.; Coleman, M. Is obesity inevitable? in: Rogers PT e Coleman M- Medical care in Down syndrome. New York, Ed. Marcel Dekker, 1992. p. 257-65.
- Schwartzman, J.S. Aspectos epidemiologicos e geneticos. In; Schwartzman JS, Organizador. Síndrome de Down. 2°ed. São Paulo. Mackenzie; 2003. cap.v, p. 90-110.
- Schwartzman, J.S.; Vitolo, M.R. Síndrome de Down. Abordagem Nutricional na Síndrome de Down. 2°ed. São Paulo. Mackenzie. 2003. (p.82-126).
- Silvia, R.C.R.; Malina, R.M. Sobrepeso, atividade física e tempo de televisão entre adolescentes de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciências e Movimento, Brasília, vol. 11, num. 4. 2003. p. 63-66.
- Taddei, J.A.A.C. Epidemiologia da obesidade na infancia. In: Fisberg M – Obesidade na infância e adolescência. São Paulo, Fundo Editorial Byk,1995. p. 84-90.
- Torrado, C.; e colaboradores. Treatment of children with Down syndrome and growth retardation with recombinant human growth hormone. J pediatr,119: 478-83, 1991.
- Vitolo, M.R.; Valverde, M.A. Tratamento dietético da criança obesa. In: Fisberg M Obesidade na infância e adolescência. São Paulo, fundo Editorial Byk,1995. p. 84-90.
- Viuniski, N. Obesidade Infantil: Um Guia Pratico. Ed. 1°, Rio de Janeiro: EPUB, 2002.
- Wilson, S.K.; Hutchins, G.M.; Neill, C.A. Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in Down syndrome. J Pediatr 1979 nov. 95 (5 Pt 1); 722-6.
- Zori, R.T.; Schatz, D.A.; Oster, H.; Williams, C.A.; Spillar, R.; Riley, W.J. Relationship of autoimmunity to thyroid dysfunction in children and adults with Down Syndrome. Am J. Med Genet (Suppl), 7: 238-241, 1990.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
